A) introduced as comic relief to diffuse the tension in Act 1 Scene 1

Act 1 Scene 2 is light-hearted and even funny to an extent- especially if you have read ahead and know what Fate has in store for Bottom. After the strife and arguments in Act 1 Scene 1, the character Nick Bottom tends to bring a smile to the audiences faces
B) The craftsmen are pre-occupied with the highly ironic play they intend to put up for Theseus and Hippolyta’s nuptials
IRONIC? How? Why?
Title of play: The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe
- Staging a play about a pair of tragic lovers during a wedding celebration?!
- Title of play is ironic- how can a comedy be lamentable??
*An oxymoron- two words of opposite meanings juxtaposed (set side by side) eg: Lamentable Comedy

C) Craftsmen are also the foil against which the men in Theseus’s court are viewed.
- Theseus and the men of his court are dignified (mostly!) and educated (?)- perhaps by the way they speak: poetic language (especially Theseus and Lysander)
- Craftsmen are uneducated and rough. They are concerned with the smallest, insignificant details of the play they are going to perform,
Eg: How the roaring of the Lion might scare the court ladies so much that the actors may be put to death
D) Craftsmen are also a group of people who lack imagination
They are afraid the audience may not be able to imagine the Moon, the Wall and the Lion etc if they are not told before hand.
Quince: An you should do it too terribly you would fright / the Duchess and the ladies that they would shriek; / and that were enough to hang us all. (p.53 lines 70-73)
E) The craftsmen also seem to be a kind of transitional group
Links the world of men to the world of fairies. They bring the play to the woods in the same way that Hermia and Lysander decide to elope to the woods of Athens. The presence of the craftsmen in the woods seems to suggest that there will be comedy (from the craftsmen) amidst the tension (from the four lovers)
Do you agree with roles of the craftsmen as suggested above? Can you think of any other reason why Shakespeare may have included them in the play? Share your thoughts.